Vermont is the state fall foliage trips are measured against, and the reason is geography as much as maple trees: the Green Mountains run down the middle, Lake Champlain sits to the west, and a short drive on Route 100 or up through Smugglers' Notch puts you inside the color rather than just looking at it from a scenic overlook. This is a loop built around that geography — a night in Burlington on the lake, a night in Stowe up in the valley, and the drive between them as its own destination.
Color moves through Vermont from north to south and high to low: the Northeast Kingdom and the higher elevations around Stowe and Smugglers' Notch usually turn first, in the last week of September, with the Champlain Valley and lower Burlington following a week or two behind. That means a single long weekend here can catch two different stages of the same season depending on which way you drive — climb toward Smugglers' Notch on a green-going-orange day in town and the color can be a week further along at the top.
Good to knowVermont 108 through Smugglers' Notch is a real mountain pass with hairpin turns and no guardrail in places, and it closes for the winter every year — usually in November, sometimes as early as the first week if a storm arrives early. It is one of the best foliage drives in New England and it is genuinely not usable once it shuts, so check road status before you build a day around it.
How to use thisThree days, one anchor each, with an easy backup for a rainy or a tired afternoon. Peak color is not the same date every year — Vermont's state foliage report (the source most local businesses point to) updates weekly from early September, and it is worth a look a few days before you drive up rather than trusting a single calendar date. Book lodging in Stowe and Burlington well ahead for the first two weekends of October; both sell out early for peak weekends, and Columbus Day weekend is the single busiest few days of the Vermont fall calendar.